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The history of Ancient Rus is inextricably linked with the history of ancient Vladimir, the capital of North-Eastern Rus in the 12^th–14^th centuries. Historical, anthropological, and archaeological data suggest a complex composition of the population of Ancient Rus cities, however, the genetic structure of this population is currently practically unexplored. We performed whole-genome sequencing with high coverage for an individual from a burial with a stone pillow from the necropolis “Patriarch's Garden” in Vladimir, dated to the second half of the 13^th–14^th centuries. Based on this, the individual was identified as a male. Identified haplogroups of mitochondrial DNA (H1ba) and Y-chromosome (R-L21) of the buried man have not been previously described in burials from the territory of Ancient Rus. The paternal lineage of the individual is likely traced to the territory of Northwest Europe. In combination with data on autosomal markers, these results testify to the genetic connection of the man buried in Vladimir with the Western European populations.

Keywords: ancient DNA, Ancient Rus', Vladimir city, stone pillows, whole genome analysis, H1ba mtDNA haplogroup, R-L21 Y-haplogroup.

Funding. The work was carried out within the framework of the Program “Historical Genetics of Northwes-tern Eurasia” with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
(No. 124051400063-0).

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Accepted: 15.11.2024

Article is published: 15.09.2025

Alperovich A.I., Lomonosov Moscow State University, Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Leninskie Gory, 1, bldg. 12, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation, E-mail: anna_alperovich@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9752-1818

Soshkina A.D., Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina st., 3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation, E-mail: soshkina@vigg.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5892-5965

Andreeva T.V., Lomonosov Moscow State University, Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Leninskie Gory, 1, bldg. 12, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina st., 3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation, Scientific Centre of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University, E-mail: andreeva@rogaevlab.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7625-0063

Kunizheva S.S., Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina st., 3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation, Scientific Centre of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University, E-mail: kunizheva@vigg.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1882-0667

Adrianova I.Yu., Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina st., 3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation, E-mail: adrianova@vigg.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6182-6393

Malarchuk A.B., Lomonosov Moscow State University, Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Leninskie Gory, 1, bldg. 12, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina st., 3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation, E-mail: a_malyarchuk98@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9252-2302

Kuznetsova I.L., Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina st., 3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation, E-mail: irakuzn@yahoo.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7785-734X

Goncharova N.N., Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Anthropology, Leninskie Gory, 1, bldg. 12, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation, E-mail: 1455008@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8504-1175

Kabaev D.A., LLC “Vladimir Regional Center of Archeology at VLSU”, Mira st., 9, 101, Vladimir, 600014, Russian Federation, E-mail: d.kabaev@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1503-3058

Chernyaeva L.L., LLC “Vladimir Regional Center of Archeology at VLSU”, Mira st., 9, 101, Vladimir, 600014, Russian Federation, E-mail: galchuk@list.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9852-5553

Rogaev E.I., Scientific Centre of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University, Olympiysky prosp., 1, Sirius Federal Territory, 354340, Russian Federation, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Shrewsbury, 01545, USA, E-mail: evivrecc@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0351-8783